Community Supported Agriculture
Thinking about signing up for a CSA but want to learn more about the idea before you commit? Read on.
Over the last 20 years, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) has become a
popular way for consumers to buy local, seasonal food directly from a farmer.
Here are the basics: a farmer offers a certain number of "shares" to the
public. Typically the share consists of a box of vegetables, but other farm
products may be included. Interested consumers purchase a share (aka a
"membership" or a "subscription") and in return receive a box (bag, basket) of
seasonal produce each week throughout the farming season.
This arrangement creates several rewards for both the farmer and the consumer.
In brief...
Advantages for farmers:
- Get to spend time marketing the food early in the year, before their 16 hour days in the field begin
- Receive payment early in the season, which helps with the farm's cash flow
- Have an opportunity to get to know the people who eat the food they grow
Advantages for consumers:
- Eat ultra-fresh food, with all the flavor and vitamin benefits
- Get exposed to new vegetables and new ways of cooking
- Usually get to visit the farm at least once a season
- Find that kids typically favor food from "their" farm – even veggies they've never been known to eat
- Develop a relationship with the farmer who grows their food and learn more about how food is grown
It's a simple enough idea, but its impact has been profound. Tens of thousands
of families have joined CSAs, and in some areas of the country there is more
demand than there are CSA farms to fill it. The government does not track CSAs,
so there is no official count of how many CSAs there are in the U.S..
LocalHarvest has the most comprehensive directory of CSA farms, with over 4,000
listed in our grassroots database.
Variations
As you might expect with such a successful model, farmers have begun to
introduce variations. One increasingly common one is the "mix and match," or
"market-style" CSA. Here, rather than making up a standard box of vegetables
for every member each week, the members load their own boxes with some degree
of personal choice. The farmer lays out baskets of the week's vegetables. Some
farmers encourage members to take a prescribed amount of what's available,
leaving behind just what their families do not care for. Some CSA farmers then
donate this extra produce to a food bank. In other CSAs, the members have wider
choice to fill their box with whatever appeals to them, within certain
limitations. (e.g. "Just one basket of strawberries per family, please.")
CSAs aren't confined to produce. Some farmers include the option for
shareholders to buy shares of eggs, homemade bread, meat, cheese, fruit,
flowers or other farm products along with their veggies. Sometimes several
farmers will offer their products together, to offer the widest variety to
their members. For example, a produce farmer might create a partnership with a
neighbor to deliver chickens to the CSA drop off point, so that the CSA members
can purchase farm-fresh chickens when they come to get their CSA baskets. Other
farmers are creating standalone CSAs for meat, flowers, eggs, and preserved
farm products. In some parts of the country, non-farming third parties are
setting up CSA-like businesses, where they act as middle men and sell boxes of
local (and sometimes non-local) food for their members.
Shared Risk
There is an important concept woven into the CSA model that takes the
arrangement beyond the usual commercial transaction. That is the notion of
shared risk. When originally conceived, the CSA was set up differently than it
is now. A group of people pooled their money, bought a farm, hired a farmer,
and each took a share of whatever the farm produced for the year. If the farm
had a tomato bonanza, everyone put some up for winter. If a plague of locusts
ate all the greens, people ate cheese sandwiches. Very few such CSAs exist
today, and for most farmers, the CSA is just one of the ways their produce is
marketed. They may also go to the farmers market, do some wholesale, sell to
restaurants, etc. Still, the idea that "we're in this together" remains. On
some farms it is stronger than others, and CSA members may be asked to sign a
policy form indicating that they agree to accept without complaint whatever the
farm can produce.
Many times, the idea of shared risk is part of what creates a sense of
community among members, and between members and the farmers. If a hailstorm
takes out all the peppers, everyone is disappointed together, and together
cheer on the winter squash and broccoli. Most CSA farmers feel a great sense of
responsibility to their members, and when certain crops are scarce, they make
sure the CSA gets served first.
Still, it is worth noting that very occasionally things go wrong on a farm –
like they do in any kind of business – and the expected is not delivered, and
members feel shortchanged. At LocalHarvest we are in touch with CSA farmers and
members from all over the country. Every year we hear get complaints about a
few CSA farms (two to six farms a year, over the last nine years) where
something happened and the produce was simply unacceptable. It might have been
a catastrophic divorce, or an unexpected death in the family. Or the weather
was abominable, or the farmer was inexperienced and got in over his/her head.
In our experience, if the situation seems regrettable but reasonable – a bad
thing that in good faith could have happened to anyone – most CSA members will
rally, if they already know and trust the farmer. These people are more likely
to take the long view, especially if they have received an abundance of produce
in the past. They are naturally more likely to think, "It'll be better next
year," than are new members who have nothing to which to compare a dismal
experience. The take-home message is this: if the potential for "not getting
your money's worth" makes you feel anxious, then shared risk may not be for you
and you should shop at the farmers market.
Sometimes we hear complaints from CSA members in situations where it appears to
us that nothing really went wrong, but the member had unreasonable
expectations. In the hope of minimizing disappointment and maximizing
satisfaction, we've prepared the following
tips and questions.
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