CAROLINA HERBS!!!

Here is PART 2 of a list of POISONOUS PLANTS throughout the UNITED STATES for those open minded people who do not really believe that all herbs are for human or even animal consumption, and can comprehend the fact that many herbs are poisonous.

I'm not going to go into the description of these plants, you can usually get a good colored picture with descriptions from other books and online.However, many books and often online informationdo not even state if the plant is poisonous or not.So, I'm going to go through as many plants that I can find and think of and just give the common names of the plants, the Latin names, other plants that may be related, where they are most apt to grow and the dangerous part of the plant and symptoms of poisoning.

YOU MAY EMAIL ME FOR A PDF FORMAT AND I WILL GLADLY SEND IT TO YOU.

THIS IS PART 2

DEADLY NIGHTSHADEATROPA BELLADONNA OR ATROPA BELLA-DONNAA/K/ABelladonna.The name Atropa belladonna is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), which it shares with potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, jimsonweed, tobacco, wolfberry, and chili peppers. The common names for this species include belladonna, deadly nightshade, divale, dwale,banewort, devil's berries, naughty man's cherries, death cherries, beautiful death, devil's herb, great morel, and dwayberry.

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWING:It is naturalized in parts of North America, where it is often found in shady, moist locations with limestone-rich soils

DANGER:The foliage and berries are extremely toxic, Contains alkaloids hyoscyamine, atropine, and hyoscine. Properties are sedative, narcotic, and act on the central nervous system. Small doses stimulate and large doses paralyze. Belladonna poisoning manifests within 15 minutes of ingestion. Belladonna is one of the most toxic plants found in the Eastern Hemisphere.All parts of the plant contain tropane alkaloids.The berries pose the greatest danger to children because they look attractive and can be mistaken for blueberries and have a somewhat sweet taste.The consumption of two to five berries by a human adult is probably lethal. The root of the plant is generally the most toxic part, though this can vary from one specimen to another.Ingestion of a single leaf of the plant can be fatal to an adult. The plant's deadly symptoms are caused by atropine's disruption of the parasympathetic nervous system's ability to regulate involuntary activities, such as sweating, breathing, and heart rate. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine, the same as for atropine.

The SYMPTOMS of belladonna poisoning include dilated pupils, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, tachycardia, loss of balance, staggering, headache, rash, flushing, severely dry mouth and throat, slurred speech, urinary retention, constipation, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, and convulsions

.

DEATH CAMAS (ZIGADENUS VENENOSUS/ZIGADENUE GRAMINEUS RYDB.)MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGDeath camas occurs in some parts of western North America and can be easily confused with edible onions of genus Allium. They tend to grow in dry meadows and on dry hillsides as well as sagebrush slopes and mountain forests. The bulbs of Death Camas are oval and look like onions but does not smell like onions

DANGER All parts of this plant with lovely flowers called the Death Camas are poisonous. It is dangerous for humans as well as livestock, though some poisoned by it have been treated.

FOXGLOVEDIGITALIS PURPUREA (SCROPHULARIACEAE)

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWING: Foxgloves are commonly cultivated as ornamentals in North America.Also in North America in open lands, roadsides and waste areas. Often abundant in clearings and after burning in light dry soils.

DANGER:Foxglove has caused serious poisonings, and anti-digoxin Fab fragments are not particularly effective in treating foxglove poisoning. Most cases of toxicity have been caused by wild-food gatherers mistaking the plant for comfrey. Poisoning can result from eating any part of the plant or any material or drug derived from it. It contains about a dozen different cardiac glycosides

SYMPTOMS of digitalis poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache, headache, bradycardia, atrioventricular heart block,irregular heartbeat and pulse, tremors, confusion, and visual disturbances, convulsions, and death

GOLDEN DEWDROP(Duranta repens L)MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGin the open in southern Florida and sometimes cultivated elsewhere in green houses. Native to West Indies, South America and Key West.

DANGER and SYMPTOMSthe fruit contain a saponin-type poison which induces sleepiness, fever and convulsions.

Hemlock poisoning may refer to poisoning by either POISON HEMLOCK (CONIUM MACULATUM) OR WATER HEMLOCK FAMILY (CICUTA SPECIES AND OENANTHE CROCATA L.) Although related, poison hemlock and water hemlock toxicity have different pathophysiologies and clinical presentations. The root contains the greatest concentration of toxin in both species, although all plant parts are toxic

Poison hemlock, an exotic species introduced to the United States, is a ubiquitous plant with fernlike properties that may reach a height of 2 meters. Poison hemlock grows in diverse settings, including wooded areas, ditches, and waysides throughout the United States, and may be mistaken for other plants such as fool's parsley

Water hemlockis typically found growing in moist habitats, such as drainage ditches, marshes, and near bodies of fresh water.

Poison hemlockcontains several piperidine alkaloid toxins (namely coniine) that are structurally similar to nicotine.

Water hemlockcontains cicutoxin, a potent, noncompetitive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist

SYMPTOMS FOR :POISON HEMLOCKmay include the following: Nausea and vomiting,abdominal pain,tachycardia,tremor,seizures (much more common with water hemlock) ,bradycardia (late),ascending paralysis (late), Coma,respiratory failure

SYMPTOMS FOR WATER HEMLOCK:Nausea and vomiting,excessive salivation,   abdominal pain, tachy/bradycardia,hypotension/hypertension,cardiac dysrhythmias/failure/arrest, delirium,convulsions, opisthotonus, hemiballismus,  seizure (status epilepticus)

From the bookDANGEROUS PLANTSBYJOHNTAMPION

101 Medicinal Herbsby Steven Foster

The Honest Herbal by Varro E Tyler

Dr. James Duke, formerly chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Medicinal Plant Resources Laboratory

The 'PDR for Herbal Medicines'

Natural Standard Professional Monograph, Copyright © 2013 (www.naturalstandard.com).

www.livingnaturally.com

Contributor Information and Disclosures Author Daniel E Brooks, MDCo-Medical Director, Banner Good Samaritan Poison and Drug Information Center, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center

Here is a list of POISONOUS PLANTS throughout the UNITED STATESfor those open minded people who do not really believe that all herbs are for human or even animal consumption, and can comprehend the fact that many herbs are poisonous.

I'm not going to go into the description of these plants, you can usually get a good colored picture with descriptions from other books and online.However, many books and often online information do not even state if the plant is poisonous or not.So, I'm going to go through as many plants that I can find and think of and just give the common names of the plants, the Latin names, other plants that may be related, where they are most apt to grow and the dangerous part of the plant and symptoms of poisoning.

YOU MAY EMAIL ME FOR A PDF FORMAT AND I WILL GLADLY SEND IT TO YOU.

THIS IS PART 1

AMERICAN HELLEBORE (VERATRUM VIRIDE) (BLACK AND GREEN):American false hellebore, American white hellebore.Both American hellebore and European white hellebore contain jervine alkaloids, the constituents responsible for the plants' toxic cardiovascular effects (According to some references, the term "Hellebore" refers to a genus unrelated to, but commonly confused with, the genus Veratrum. Various species of the genus Veratrum are known as false hellebore or American hellebore, and white hellebore, but they are unrelated plants of the family Liliaceae and/or subfamily Melanthiaceae. The plant "hellebore" (not the genus) can refer to either genus Helleborus or Veratrum)

USED FOR:The root and rhizome of American hellebore has been used historically for fever, pain, and high blood pressure, with a decoction (boiled in water) of the root being used for chronic coughs and constipation. Historically, the whole plant was not routinely used medicinally, only the root and rhizome.

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGa perennial plant native to the swampy areas and moist meadows of the eastern and western United States

DANGER :Although American hellebore was formerly used as a tea or tincture, potentially toxic and irritating constituents preclude its modern day use by ingestion.

The toxic effects associated with American hellebore limit its ability to be used as an agent to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), related kidney/heart diseases, and hypertension associated with pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.

Currently, there is a lack of scientific information regarding the safety or effectiveness of American hellebore as a whole plant, or homeopathically

SYMPTOMSInternally violently narcotic. Symptoms of hellbore poisoning include salivation, nausea, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, weak heartbeat, vertigo, ringing ears, disturbed vision, coronary arrest. Green hellebore is a cardiac depressant...black hellbore is a cardiac stimulant. Applied locally, the fresh root is an irritant.

AMERICAN POKEWEED (PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA) American Pokeweed is also known as American nightshade, cancer jalap, oakum, garget, inkberry, pigeon berry, pecan bush, poke root, pokeweed, redweed, scoke, red ink plant and chui xu shang lu, parts of this plant are highly toxic to livestock and humans.. The fruits of American Pokeweed look edible too like the Jerusalem cherry that's why Pokeweed poisonings are common. Although the fruits are toxic to humans, they're not to birds. The toxic components of the plant are saponins. Deaths are currently uncommon, although there are cases of emesis and catharsis, but at least one death of a child who consumed crushed seeds in a juice has occurred.

AUTUMN CROCUS/ MEADOW SAFFRON( Colchicum autumnale L)

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGin damp woods and meadows on non acid soils. Native to Europe and Great Britain and cultivated in US

DANGERAll parts of the plant are poisonous due to alkaloids such as colchicine.

SYMPTOMSgastrointestinal irritation with abdominal pain diarrhea.Muscular weakness, breathing difficulties and occasionally coma, convulsions and respiratory failure may occur.The toxins can pass in the milk of animals that have eaten Colchicum and can accumulate during slow ingestion to reach a toxic level.

BLACK LOCUST/ ACACIA(ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA L)twenty species are described from North America. MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGnative to eastern and central US and extending into south Canada. Sometimes grown for timber.

DANGERChildren have been poisoned by the seeds and all parts of the plant.Poison is due to the presence of a toxin called “robin” and a glycoside “robitin”> SYMPTOMSvomiting, diarrheas, weakness, dilated pupils, weak irregular pulse and breathing difficulties

BLUE COHOSH: CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES (L.) MICHX. A/K/ASquaw-root, Papoose-root, Caulophylle faux-pigamon yellow ginseng and blue ginseng Berberidaceae (Barberry Family)

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEENGROWING:found in hardwood forest of the eastern United States, and favors moist coves and hillsides, generally in shady locations, in rich soil. It grows in eastern North America, from Manitoba and Oklahoma east to the Atlantic Ocean

DANGER:Toxic to the heart muscle and may harm intestines. Seeds are poisonous. Powder is strongly irritating to mucous membranes. Some of the compounds found in blue cohosh, such as caulophyllosaponin, methylcytosine, and caulosaponin, appear to constrict coronary vessels, limiting blood flow to the heart and reducing its ability to pump. One published case report documents profound heart failure in a child born to a mother who used blue cohosh to induce labormay cause; 1) perinatal stroke, 2) acute myocardial infarction, profound congestive heart failure and shock and 3) severe multi-organ hypoxic injury.

POISONOUS PART:Raw seeds, roots

SYMPTOMS:Vomiting and diarrhea .Eating the raw seeds or roots can cause poisoning symptoms and skin contact can also result in skin irritation. The roasted seeds are sometimes used as a safe coffee substitute. The toxic compounds in the plant are alkaloids and saponins. The plant is considered to have a relatively low level of toxicity.

Scotch BROOM (Cytisus scoparius), Bannal, basam, Besenginaterkraut, besom, bissom, bream, broom, broom tops, broomtops, browme, brum, common broom, Cystisi scoparii flos, Cystisus scoparius, Cytsus scoprfus, English broom, European broom.Also referred to as broom. Not to be confused with Spanish broom (Spartium junceum), which has been associated with severe toxicity, or Butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus).

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWING:Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), also referred to as broom, is a perennial woody plant native to Europe. The species was introduced as a garden ornamental to North America and now is common across western Canada and California. Scotch broom plants grow up to 10 feet talland spreads quickly and aggressively at the expense of other plants and trees and is often considered a pest.

DANGERS:There is particular concern about the potential toxicity of scotch broom due to the presence of small amounts of the toxic alkaloids sparteine and isosparteine, which are found in both the flowers and herb (above-ground parts). Sparteine has known effects on the electrical conductivity of heart muscle and can potentially cause dangerous heart rhythms or interact with cardiac drugs. Sparteine is also known to cause uterine contractions and should be avoided during pregnancy. Life-threatening adverse effects have been associated with sparteine. Toxicity symptoms similar to nicotine poisoning: circulatory collapse, irregular heart beat, nausea, diarrhea, vertigo, headache, paralysis of respiratory and motor centers, convulsions, death.

SYMPTOMS:symptoms including dizziness, headache, weakness, fatigue, sleepiness, blurry vision, sweating, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea and confusion. When smoked in cigarette form; headache, confusion, relaxation, and euphoria may occur. Driving or operating heavy machinery should be avoided. Smoking cigarettes containing scotch broom carries a risk of inhalation of fungal contaminants (aspergillus), with a possibility of resulting fungal pneumonia..Topical (skin) use may cause irritation due to the presence of saponins.Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:     Scotch broom should be avoided during pregnancy. Scotch broom contains the alkaloid sparteine, which is known to cause uterine contractions, and carries a risk of inducing abortion (abortifacient properties).Scotch broom should be avoided during breastfeeding due to insufficient evidence and a hypothetical risk of serious toxicity.

CHINABERRY TREE /WHITE CEDAR(Melia azedarachL)other related plants: M.azedarach var umbraculiformis, a horticultural form, is known as the Texas umbrella tree.

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGfrequently planted in the southern US as an ornamental. Originally native to south west Asia. DANGERchildren have died from eating the berries and adults have died from making a brew out of the leaves. A resinous poison is in the fruit pulp, but amount may vary with the strain and growing conditions.

SYMPTOMS the irritantactivity of the plant is shown by vomiting and constipation or diarrheas . Difficulty in breathing, weakening heart activity and nervous depression or excitement and paralysis may develop. Symptoms may occur up to several hours and death may take place within a few days.

CAUTION:should be considered highly dangerous. Be very wary of anyone who claims to be knowledgeableof herbs anduses Chinaberry or white cedar.

COLTSFOOTTUSSILAGO FARFARA L. (ASTERACEAE) a/k/aAss's Foot, Bullsfoot , Hallfoot, Horsehoof ,Huki-Tanpopo, K'Uan Tung, Oksurukotu, Son-before-father, To Wu, and Tusilago

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWING :in the eastern United States from Minnesota south to Tennessee, east to North Carolina, and north to Maine . It occurs throughout southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and the Canadian Maritime provinces. It is also found in southwestern British Columbia and Vancouver Island and occasionally west of the Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest Coltsfoot: Is used for coughs but contains alkaloids that cause liver cancer.

DANGERS AND SAFETY ISSUES:Recent research shows anti-inflammatory activity, however, studies show that the use of coltsfoot as an herbal remedy has adverse effects, such as liver damage Despite evidence that coltsfoot does generally work, it is not without its problems. The leaves, and to a greater degree the buds and flowers, contain compounds called pyrrolizidine alkaloids. These compounds are known to damage the liver. They can cause liver cancer with extended exposure and may also cause the blood vessels of the liver to narrow dangerously. may cause serious liver disease if consumed over long periods of time( could be months) The pyrrolizidine alkaloids found in coltsfoot are known to have potential liver-toxic and cancer-promoting effects

COMMON PRIVET(LIGUSTRUM VULGARE L)other related plants:L.lucidum Ait. (glossy privet)andL. Japonicum Thunb. And other species are also considered to have toxic berries.

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGextensively cultivated in Europe and North America as a hedge plant. This plant isNative to Britain and Europe, often preferring calcareous soils.

DANGERchildren have been poisoned by the attractive berries.

SYMPTOMS:gastric irritation with vomiting and purging, followed in severe cases by death.The active ingredient is the glycoside ligustrin

DAFFODIL(NARCISSUS PSEUDO-NARCISSUS L)other related plants:all members of the genus Narcissus {about 30 species in all} are considered dangerous.Many other commonly cultivated genera in this family, such as Galanthus, Amaryllis, Crinum, Nerine and Haemanthus are also said to contain toxic alkaloids.

MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGin Europe, Britain and north America.

DANGERS Eating the bulbs by mistake for edible bulbs produces severe gastroenteritis with vomiting and purging. Trembling and convulsions may occur.

From the bookDANGEROUS PLANTSBYJOHNTAMPION

101 Medicinal Herbsby Steven Foster

The Honest Herbal by Varro E Tyler

Dr. James Duke, formerly chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Medicinal Plant Resources Laboratory

The 'PDR for Herbal Medicines'

Natural Standard Professional Monograph, Copyright © 2013 (www.naturalstandard.com).

www.livingnaturally.com

Contributor Information and Disclosures Author Daniel E Brooks, MDCo-Medical Director, Banner Good Samaritan Poison and Drug Information Center, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center

Did you read about Herbal-Supplement Scam: Tests Reveal Fake and Dangerous Ingredients According to YAHOO SHINEOF NOV 4, 2013?”Findings of a recent study, using DNA analysis, suggest that many plant-based remedies on the market today may be made of cheap fillers, such as soy, rice, and wheat, or contain weeds or potentially harmful contaminants.”Many of the herbal capsules that people purchased in drug stores and online are “contaminated with plant species not listed on the ingredients list, including some that were considered toxic or allergy producing, as well as other potentially hazardous substances”. Ina 2010 study A lot of the vitamins, etc.tested positive for hazardous substances such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and pesticides.

Speaking of which, I used to have a booth at the farmers market next to a man about 10 years older than myself.He toldme that he adds arsenic to his fertilizer when planting his produce.Thisman was not an uneducated person by any means.His real job was working at a newspaper company as the lead graphic artist.

People love to complain about the FDA sticking its’ nose into food and farming operations.But if you are observant, you’ll be able to see why.Not everyone has the same sanitation and safety codes when they grow and harvest their produce, herbs, animals, what have you.It can be years before the FDA receives enough complaints to take action. And adverse reactions are shockingly underreported.

According to this article, you can also look for a "USP Verified" label, which means the manufacturer has voluntarily asked the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, a nonprofit organization that sets industry standards for medicines, food ingredients, and dietary supplements, to test the quality of its product.

When it comes to botanicals, quality control is difficult and all the more reason to sell them in the most natural state possible.

I’m seeing some people selling their herbs in vegi capsules and really wonder why anyone would purchase herbs this way from an herbalist.It seems to me that there is too much handling of the herb involved. Where do these people get the vegi capsules from in the first place?Are they making them, themselves?Then, how do these people fill these capsules?Are they wearing gloves? Hair nets? What about their equipment?Andcan they offer a USP Verified label?At least for the most part, companies who make and sell the herb and vitamin supplements have to follow sanitation codes, thanks to the FDA. However, an herbalist working out of their home, doesn’t.This is something to really think on.Herbalist should be way above companies that are selling their vitamins and herbs in unsanitary conditions and using fillers in their products.People rely on us to provide the best and that’s what we should be doing.

MISTLETOEphoradendron spp.of THE MISTLETOE FAMILY(Phoradendron serotinum and Viscum album)

There are 2 plants with the common name “mistletoe” the American mistletoe (P. serotinum has a relatively lower toxicity compared to Viscum spp) and European mistletoe (V. album). Mistletoe is a parasitic perennial with white or translucent berries that can be quite sticky. They grow on the trunks and branches of deciduous trees. P. serotinum is widespread in the U.S., hence the American mistletoe moniker. V. album, endemic to much of Europe, can occasionally now be found in the U.S., mainly in California. These plants are common adornments and holiday symbols most commonly sold around Christmas time.All sections of P. serotinum are potentially harmful as they contain phoratoxin, a toxalbumin. Most ingestions result in little physical reaction, although some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms. The entire Viscum spp. plant is toxic. After a latent period of several hours, clinical effects from viscotoxins can develop. Bradycardia, delirium, as well as toxicity of the liver, central neverous system, kidney, and adrenals can also occur. Steeping the plant in hot water (“herbal tea”) may result in large amounts of ingested toxinMistletoe is well known for causing intestinal upset, as well as a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure, breathing problems, and even hallucinations. If a large enough amount of these plants are ingested, seizures and death may follow.

 Since mistletoe is much used for Christmas decorations, it should be kept out of the reach of young children.SYMPTOMS:eating the berries will cause acute stomach and intestinal pains, diarrhea, weak pulse, mental disturbances, and the collapse of blood vessels. Death has occurred within 10 hours after ingestion.

The leaves and berries of holly and mistletoe plants, even the dried plants, should be kept well out of your pet's reach

Mistletoe can cause significant vomiting and diarrhea, difficulty breathing, collapse, erratic behavior, hallucinations and death when ingested by pets

POINSETTIA(Poinsettia pulcherrima R. Grah)other related plants ornamentals such as E. Marginata (snow on the mountain), E. Cyparissias (Cypress spurge), E. Milli Ch. Des Moulins (crown of thorns cactus), E. Lactea Haw. (Candelabra cactus) andE. Tirucalli L. (pencil, Malabar or spurge trees) also contain irritant juice and are potentially dangerous.

 MOST LIKELY TO BE SEEN GROWINGas a houseplant or in greenhouses throughout the temperate zone, frequently used for winter decoration because of its showy red bracts. This flowering plant, indigenous to Mexico and Central America, has large green and red leaves.

 DANGERyoung children have ready access to this house plant. The leaf is what appears to be poisonous

 SYMPTOMSprior to death the symptoms were vomiting and purgation of the bowels accompanied by delirium. The milky sap is capable of producing blistering of the skin andPoinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)

Poinsettias can cause irritation to the mouth and stomach and sometimes vomiting in pets.

 Poinsettia Plant Basics

A lot of people have been led to believe that the poinsettia plant is deadly for pets and children, but this is actually an unlikely occurrence. The poinsettia plant’s brightly colored leaves contain a sap that is irritating to the tissues of the mouth and esophagus. If the leaves are ingested, they will often cause nausea and vomiting, but it would take a large amount of the plant’s material to cause poisoning, and most animals and children will not eat such a large enough amount because of the irritating taste and feel from the sap.

 However, if the plant has been treated with a pesticide, your pet or child could be at risk of becoming ill from ingesting the pesticide. The size of your pet and the amount of ingested plant material will be the determining factors for the severity of the poisoning. Young animals -- puppies and kittens -- are at the highest risk. Severe reactions to the plant or to the pesticide it has been treated with include seizures, coma, and in some cases, death.

 Maybe YOU did not spray your plants with anything, however, where you purchased them, whether at the nursery, Home Depot, Wal-Mart , etc, they may have sprayed the plants when the plants came in.Even if THEY did not spray the plants, it is a sure bet that where your plants originate from did get sprayed with herbicides and pesticides.Otherwise,the grower risks losing his/her entire crop.Something to think about.

Lilies and Daffodils

Lilies (Lilium, all spp.):Ingesting any part of the plant can cause complete kidney failure in 36-72 hours. First symptoms appear in a few hours and may include appetite suppression, lethargy, vomiting.Cats are especially sensitive to lily poisoning, so be very careful to keep your cats away from lilies of any kind, including the Amaryllis, Easter lilies, and Stargazer lilies so often found in homes around the holidays.

 Both popular gift items at this time of year, plants in the lily and daffodil can be toxic to pets. In cats, Lilium and Hemerocallis genera lilies are the most dangerous. Eating even a small amount of the plant will have a severe impact on a cat's system, causing severe symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues, arrhythmia, and convulsions. Daffodils are also toxic to both dogs and cats, especially the bulbs.

.Holly and mistletoe are also popular holiday plants. These plants, along with their berries, have a greater toxicity level than the poinsettia

Holly (Ilex aquifolium and opaca)

There are 2 commonly distributed forms of the holly in the United States (U.S.): the English holly (Ilex aquifolium) and the American Holly (Ilex opaca). English and American holly are not to be confused with the South American Ilex species, Ilex paraguariensi and Ilex guayusa, which are commonly used to make teas and other drinks for their reported antioxidant properties and caffeine content.

These shrubs (The ENGLISH HOLLY and the AMERICAN HOLLY)are most commonly used as holiday decorations, although they can be found in gardens. Holly exposure accounts for the 3rd highest rate of genus-specific human plant exposure calls in 2010The berries containing the toxin saponin are poisonous; the leaves are notThe toxic component of the berries is saponin. The primary potential biological effect of saponin is a negative interaction with cellular membranes. Saponins can cause hemolysis in erythrocytes and alterations in permeability of small intestinal mucosal cells. Most ingestions cause little or no toxicity. The primary clinical effects observed, which occur exclusively with large ingestions, include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and occasionally dermatitis. There can be allergic sensitization and worsening dermatitis with repeat exposures. Rarely, mydriasis, hyperthermia, and drowsiness have also been reported.

Poisonings most often occur in children, and most cases are harmless. In adults, one must eat 20-30 berries before becoming symptomatic, whereas children only have to consume 5.

Holly, commonly found during the Christmas season, can cause intense vomiting, diarrhea and depression in pets.

Bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara) and Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum)

 Bittersweet, or the woody nightshade, is a semi-woody perennial vine introduced from Europe. Common to the northern U.S. and southern Canada, it has purple and yellow flowers with 5 spreading petals and red ovoid berries. The Jerusalem cherry, or Christmas orange, is a perennial grown as a decorative houseplant. Originating in the Middle East, it now flourishes in Hawaii and the Gulf Coast states. It also has 5-petaled flowers but typically has yellow-red-orange berries. Solanum-related poison center calls in general are common, and S. dulcamara alone made up the 22nd most species-specific U.S. poison center calls.

 In both of these plants the immature fruit is more poisonous than the still-toxic ripened fruit due to the glycoalkaloid solanine. Solanine may exert toxicity through alteration of mitochondrial potassium and calcium transport, but this mechanism is speculative. In animals solanine exhibits cholinesterase activity and cardiac glycoside effects, but these effects are not seen in human poisoning.

 The clinical effects of solanine are primarily gastroenteritis and abdominal cramping. Salivation, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, and altered mental status have also been documented. Symptoms usually occur several hours after ingestion and may persist for several days. The solanine effects seem more potent in children; in adults, solanine has little toxicity. While 1 source reported that just several bittersweet or Jerusalem cherry berries can prove fatal in children,

 Of the plants discussed thus far, it seems as though bittersweet and Jerusalem cherry constitute the most danger

 A LITTLE EXTRA CAUTION FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE INSIDE PETS:

Holiday Tinsel and Ornaments

Tinsel, while not toxic, is very attractive to pets, particularly cats. The shiny, dangling decoration reflects light and can move in the slightest draft — appearing to come alive to watchful critters.

The problem with tinsel is that once it’s consumed, it can cause serious injury to your pet. If not caught in time, this foreign body ingestion could actually be fatal as it twists and bunches inside your pet’s intestines. Immediate veterinary care is required

Christmas tree pine needlescan produce oral irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, trembling and posterior weakness.

The oils produced by fir trees can be irritating to a pet's mouth and stomach, causing excessive vomiting or drooling. The tree needles, meanwhile, may cause gastrointestinal irritation, obstruction and puncture.

If your dog or cat does manage to ingest any part of these holiday plants, call your veterinarian or poison control immediately to find out what you should do to minimize the damage.

West J Emerg Med. 2012 December

UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine

the bookDANGEROUS PLANTSBYJOHNTAMPION

VPI

Know Your Poisonous Plants by Wilma Roberts James

PLEASE EMAIL ME FORPDR FORMAT

In the United States there are in the neighborhood of 500 poisonous plants, flowers, shrubs, andherbs.The majority of them will just create a bad rash or other reaction, or will make a person sick for a day or so.But, there are some that are fatal.However, in most cases, not ALL of the plant is poisonous. In this article I will mention some plants that most people are familiar with andwill explain what part of the plant is poisonous and the symptoms of poisoning that you should look for.

THIS IS PART ONE:

ANGEL’S TRUMPETof the NIGHTSHADE FAMILY.This is an ornamental shrub and has a sweet musk scent, with trumpet shaped white flowers that open at night.Generally this plant grows outdoors in California and Florida.THE PARTS THAT ARE POISONOUSARE:leaves, juice and seeds.Signs of poisoning :the symptoms may appear in a few minutes after drinking a “tea” made from the plant, but not for several hours after eating the seeds, uncooked leaves or sucking the juice. SYMPTOMS: extreme thirst, blurred vision, high fever, rapid and weak heartbeat; convulsions and coma.

BLEEDING HEARTof the FUMITORY FAMILY.This is a perennial herb . ALL PARTS of this herb are poisonous.SYMPTOMS:nervous symptoms are trembling, loss of balance, staggering, weakness, difficulty in breathing and convulsions.

BUTTERCUPof the CROWFOOT FAMILY.This is a perennial herb and is the common buttercup found through the United States in fields, pastures and meadows.ALL PARTS, except the seeds are poisonous.SYMPTOMS OF POISONING: blisters or inflammation around the mouth, irritated, skin, stomach pains, vomiting, diarrhea, and jerking spasms, temporary blindness and convulsions.

CALADIUMof the ARUM FAMILY. These are  either inside or outside  ornamentals . There are about 12 to 14 species of this genius, and EVERY species of CALADIUM has a bitter poisonous juice .ALL PARTS of this plant are poisonous. SYMPTOMS : soon after eating a small amount of the leaves the mouth will burn and swell. There will be an intense burning inside the throat along with a disturbed stomach, vomiting and diarrhea. After the tongue and throat swell, breathing may become difficult. Due to the blocking of the air passage, death may occur.

DEATH CAMASof the LILY FAMILY Zigadenus veneosus. This is a perennial plant thatis grown from Canada, to Florida. You will find this plant also in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California.ALL PARTS of this plant are poisonous.SYMPTOMS:symptoms occurfrom 1 ½ to 8 hours after eating parts of the plant.They consist of abdominal pains, nausea, vomiting, trembling, muscular weakness, struggling for breath, lowered body temperature, coma and death.

DUMCANE , Dieffenbachiaof THE ARUM FAMILY.This is an evergreen foliage plant widely grown in greenhouses, homes , restaurants, and lobbies as potted ornamentals.The LEAVES AND STEMS ARE POISONOUS. SYMPTOMS:Biting or chewing the stem or leaves produces intense burning and irritation of the lips, mouth and tongue. If these areas become swollen there will be intense pain, thus causing choking. The swelling can make the tongue motionless. Death may occur if the base of the tongue swells enough to block air passage of the throat.

ENGLISH HOLLYof the HOLLY FAMILYThis is the familiar Christmas Holly and generally grows in Oregon and Washington state.THE BERRIES are the poisonous part.SYMPTOMS:large amounts (I do not know what is considered as large amounts) causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and depression of the nervous system. The result may be fatal.

ENGLISH IVYof the GINSENG FAMILY. This is an evergreen vine cultivated as a ground cover. The LEAVES and BERRIES are poisonous.SYMPTOMS:severstomach pains, diarrhea, labored breathing, coma.It is possibly fatal.

FOXGLOVE of the FIGWORT FAMILY.Poisonous parts are LEAVES, FLOWERS and SEEDS . The leaves are the source of the drug digitalis. However, overdoses result in death.Severe poisoning comes from eating the fresh or dried leaves which do not lose their toxicity by cooking. SYMPTOMS: bloody diarrhea, severe headache, mental confusion, blurred vision, trembling, irregular heartbeat, convulsions and death.

HYDRANGEAHydrangea macrophyllaof the SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.A/k/a hortensia.commonly planted as an ornamental.The BUDS, LEAVES and BRANCHES are poisonous.SYMPTOMS;diarrhea with blood, rapid breathing and heartbeat, nervous excitement, convulsions and can be fatal.

LILY OF THE VALLEY of the LILY FAMILY.ALL PARTS ARE POISONOUS, especially the leaves, flower, berries and rootstocks.They contain dangerous amounts of cardiac glycosides.Even drinking the water from a vase containing a bouquet of lily of the valleycan cause death.SYPMTOMS:irregular heart and pulse beat, mental confusion, extreme weakness, depression and collapse of circulation and death. The reaction is much like that of digitalis.

More to follow later.

Information if from the book: Know Your Poisonous Plantsby Wilma Roberts James

The tendency to get herbs and their uses mixed up is not unusual at all.That is why it is s especially important to know both the English name and the Latin name of the herb that we are using.In this blog, I want to use two herbs: HORE HOUND and HORSEMINT that may seem the same, but are not.

HOREHOUND(hoarhound)

Marrubium vulgare (white or common horehound) of the MINT FAMILY{Labiatae}

Common name: Marrubium

Description: This is a busy stem, leafy, and branching from the bottom to one or two feet in height. The leaves are roundish-ovate, rough and veiny above, wooly on the under surface, one or two inches in diameter; the flowers are small and white.

Hoar houndoriginated in Europe, North Africa, and Asia, but grows well here in the United States from Maine, to Texas to California and Oregon. It grows on dry sandy fields, waste grounds and road sides, flowering from June to September.The entire plant has a white or hoary appearance; the whole herb is medicinal and should be gathered before its efflorescence. It has a peculiar, rather agreeable, vinous balsamic odor, and a very bitter, aromatic, somewhat acrid and persistent taste.

Hoar hound is used as a stimulant, tonic, weak diaphoretic, decongestant , antiseptic, emmenagogue, expectorant, and weak diuretic. It is used in the form of a syrup, in ordinary colds , coughs, and fevers as well as for hoarseness. The warm infusion will promote perspiration and flow of urine. The cold infusion is an excellent tonic and will act as a purgative in large doses. Useful in many respiratorydisorders, but, specifically inbronchitis and coughs.

In ancient times horehound was used in magic. It was also used for hepatitis, tumors, tuberculosis, typhoid, paratyphoid, snakebite, worms, jaundice and bronchitis; to improve the eyesight, remove obstructions from the liver and spleen. My, my, such an impressive herb!However,recent research has narrowed the benefits of horehound down to just coughs, colds, hoarseness and such.It won’t cure your cold or bronchitis, but, it will relieve your coughing fits and help greatly with hoarseness.

Parts used: leaves and tops.

Horehound drops are a candy/cough medicine made from Marrubium vulgare

WHITE WOOLY HOREHOUND ( Marrubium incanum)this is a perennial, 2 to 3 feet tall and 15 inches wide, with hairy leaves and whorls of white flowers in summer.

Parts used: leaves and flowers for coughs and colds.

BLACK HOREHOUND (Ballota nigra)Labiataea/k/aStinkingHorehound

This is a generally unattractive herb distinguished by its strong and objectionable odor. Thus, the name stinking horehound. This herb is also rejected by cattle.

Native of Europe and United States.Found in wasteland, hedgerows and on walls; prefers nitrogen –rich , moist, rather loose soil.This is generally a wild plant.

This is a strong smelling perennial with angular branched hairy stems, 40-100 cm high, bearing heart-shaped leaves, crenulated, 2-5 cm long, opposite and often turning black after flowering; whorls of typical labiate purple flowers borne in axils; appearing mid summer to late autumn.

Black horehound contains chemicals that affect the brain. There is some concern that black horehound might affect treatment for Parkinson’s disease.

Black horehound may affect the menstrual cycle, and this could threaten the pregnancy

Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders: Black horehound contains chemicals that affect the brain. There is some concern that black horehound might harm people with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders.

GREEK HOREHOUND (Ballota acetabulosa)Lamiaceae familynative to Southeast Greece, Crete, and West Turkey

It is a compact, evergreen subshrub growing to 0.5 metres (20 in). Upright woolly grey shoots turn to rounded grey-green leaves, bearing whorls of small pink flowers with funnel-shaped green calyces in late summer and autumn. It is tolerant of poor soil and drought, and often used in cultivation as groundcover

HORSE MINT (Monarda Punctata) A/K/A Spotted beebalm, Spotted horsemint, Dotted horsemint. Some people have a tendency to use this herb interchangeably with Bee balm or Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp), but, even though the BEE BALM, MOUNTAIN MINT and the HORSEMINTare of the MINT FAMILY, they are not one and the same herb.

This is a perennial plant , growing 2 to 6 feethigh; stems are branched, downy leaves 2 to 3 inches long, lanceolate, serrate, punctate.The flowers are actually small and arranged in a whorl around the stem; repeated a great many times up the stalk.Each whorl is subtended by showy bracts - modified leaves that look like flower petals.In dotted horsemint, these bracts range in color from deep lavender to a very pale lavender. The flowers themselves are white with lavender spots.

This appears to be a native Florida herb.

Parts used are the leaves and tops.

Horsemint is aromatic, pungent and bitter and contains volatile oil. It is useful as a carminative and diuretic in flatulent colic and nausea.

The HerbalistbyJoseph E Meyer1932

Rodale’s Iluustrated Encyclopeia of Herbs

Wilflowers in Color by Arthur Stupka

The Encyclopeida of Herbs and HerblismbyMalcom Stuart

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ANNUAL PLANTS spring from the seed, make their full growthand then die at the end of a season.

A BIENNIAL PLANT does not flower the first year, but produces leaves only. The second year of its growth it flowers, after which it dies. The carrot and parsnip are examples of biennials

A PERENNIAL PLANT lives for more than two years. If the plant retains its leaves during the winter, it is known as an EVERGREEN; if the leaves fall upon the approach of cold weather, it is said to be DECIDUOUS.

AN HERB is a plant having a soft stem which dies down to the ground after the plant has reached it full growth.

A SHRUB is a plant which has a woody stem, grows to a height of twenty-five to thirty feet or less, and branches near the ground.

ATREEhas a woody stem, is higher than a shrub and does NOT branch near the ground.

ASTOLON is a form of a branch which curves or falls down to the ground, where they often strike root.

A CLIMBING PLANT is any plant using an external support to raise itself above the ground. The term “vine” is used for certain climbing plants.

ASUCKER is a branch of subterraneous origin, which, after running horizontally and emitting roots in its course, at length rises out ofthe ground and forms an erect stem, which soon becomes an independent plant.Examples are roses, raspberries, mints.

A RUNNER is a prostrate, slender branch sent off from the base of the parent stem.

An OFFSET is a similar but shorter branch, with a tuft of leaves at the end, as in the house-leek.

A SPINEis a short and imperfectly developed branch of a woody plant, as exhibited in the honey-locust.

A TENDRIL is commonly a slender leafless branch, capable of coiling spirally, like grapevines.

WHORLEDseveral stems, leaves or flowers, arising in a ring around the stem.

THE ROOTS

Definition of The ROOT.The ROOT of a plant is that portion which is usually found in the earth, the stem and leaves being in the air.The point of union is called the collar or neck of the plant.

ADVENTITIOUSROOT is a root developing on a part of a plant (stem) other than a root.

ANTHROPOMORPHICshaped like a human being

AREIAL ROOTS are those emitted from the stem into the open air.

A BULBis an extremely abbreviated stem clothed with scales, such as a lily.

A CORM swollen base of a stem, not consisting of layers.

ACONICAL ROOT is one where it tapers regularly from the crown to the apex, as that of a carrot.

AFASCICULATED ROOT isa root where some of the fibers or branches are thickened.

The FIBROUS ROOT is one composed of many spreading branches.

AFUSIFORM ROOTis a root that tapers up as well as down, such as the radish.

ANAPIFORM ROOT is more swollen at the base, and becomes broader rather than long, such as a turnip.

APALMATE ROOT is when these knobs are branched.

ARHIZOME, swollen underground stem lasting more than one year

ROOT STOCKswollen underground part of a plant.

TAPROOT is the main root

ATUBER swollen underground portion of a root or stem.

A TUBERIFEROUS ROOT is when some of the branches assume the form of a rounded knob, such as the potato.

THE STEM

Definition of STEM:TheSTEM is that portion of the plant which grows in an opposite direction from the root, seeing the light and exposing itself to the air.

All flowering plants posses stems.

The stem of an herb does not become woody, but dies down to the ground at least after flowering.

Thestem oftree is usually called the trunk.

The stem in grasses is the cuim.

Those stems which are too weak to stand erect are said to be decumbent, procumbent and prostrate.

THE LEAF

The leaf is commonly raised on an unexpanded part or stalk which is call the petiole, while the expanded portion is termed the lamina, limb or blade. When the vessels or fibers of the leaves expand immediately on leaving the stem, the leaf is said to be sessile. In such cases the petiole is absent. When the blade consists of a single piece, the leaf is simple; when composed of two or three more with a branched petiole, the leaf is compound.

The distribution of the veins or framework of the leaf in the blade is termed venation.

A linear leaf is an elongated shape with nearly parallel sides.

A lanceolate leafhas the form of a lance ;wide in the middle and gradually taperingat each end.

An ovate leaf is oval shaped.

an obovate leafis one having the veins more developed beyond the middle of the blade.

A cuneiform( or cuneate)leaf is wedge shaped

A cordate leaf is heart shaped

A reniformis kidney shaped

A sagittate leaf is arrow shaped

A hastate leafis shaped like the head of a spear with sharp basal lobes spreading away from the base of the petiole

A peltateleaf is shaped like a shield

A serrate leafis one in which the margin is beset with sharp teeth, which point forward towards the apex.

A dentate leafthese teeth are NOT directed towards the apex

A crenate leaf has rounded teeth

A sinuate leaf has alternate concavities and convexities (wavy)

a pinnate leaf is shaped like a feather

a pectinate leaf has very close and narrow divisions, like the teeth of a comb.

A lyrate leaf has the shape of a lyre

A runcinate leaf isa lyrate leaf with sharp lobes pointing towards the base, like a dandelion leave.

A palmateleafresembles the hand

a pedate leaflooks like a bird's foot

leaves which arise directly from a rootstock, not from an aerial stem are said to be radical

Rosette leaves are clustered at ground level

Sessilleaves have no stalk

Truncateleaves are cut off straight across.

When a leaf at its outer edge has no dentations it is said to be entire.

When the leaf terminates in an acute angle it is acute, when in an obuse angle it is obtuse.An obtuse leaf with the apex slightly depressed is retuse, or if more strongly notched emarginate.

An obovate leaf with a wider or more conspicuous notch at the apex becomes obcordate, being a cordate leaf inverted.

When the apex is cut off by a straight transverse line the leaf is truncate, when abruptly terminated by a small projectingpoint it is mucronate; and when an acute leaf has a narrowed apex it is acuminate.

In ferns the leaves are called fronds.

FLOWERS

The organs of a flower are of two sorts.

1)the leaves ( or envelopes).

2)Those peculiar organs having no resemblance to the envelopes.

The envelopes are of two kinds (or occupy two rows, one above or within the other) :

1)the lower or outer row is termed the Calyx, and commonly exhibits the green color of the leaves.

2)the inner row, which is usually of more delicate texture and forms the most showy part of the flower, is termed the Corolla.

The several parts of the leaves of the Corolla are called Petals, and the leaves of the Calyx are also calledSepals.

The floral envelopes are collectively called the Perianth.

The essential organs enclosed within a floral envelope are also of two kinds and occupy two rows one within the other. The first of these, those next within the petals, are the Stamens. A stamen consists of a stalk called the Filament, which bears on its summit a rounded body termed the Anther, filled with a substance called the Pollen.

The seed bearing organs occupy the center or summit of a flower, and are called Pistils.A pistil is distinguished into three parts;

1)the ovary containing the ovales (ovule)

2)the style, or columnar prolongation of the ovary

3)the stigma or termination of the style.

All the organs of the flower are situated on, or grow out of the apex of the flower stalk, into which they are inserted and which is called the Torus or Receptacle.

A plant is said to be monoecious, where the stamens and pistils are in separate flowers on the same individual , dioecious, where they occupy separate flowers on different individuals, and polygamous where the stamens and pistils are separate in some flowers and untied in others, either on the same or two or three different plants.

This is part 4 and the last of the GLOSSARY that I had started earlier.I do hope that you enjoy this as much as I do!

For those who have shown interest in reading all 4 parts of my GLOSSARY,Thanks, very much!

GLOSSARYPART 4Jthrough W

J

JAUNDICE yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, or whites of the eyes, caused by a buildup of bilirubin ( a bile pigment) in the skin

L

LEECHAn Anglo-Saxon word for a healer. The art of the leech is leechcraft or leechdom

LEECHBOOKAn Anglo-Saxon book of medicine.

LETHARGY A feeling of tiredness, drowsiness or lack of energy.

LITER A metric unit of volume equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters or1.05 quarts liquid measure

LITHOTRIPTICan agent that dissolves urinary calculi(stones)

LYMPH fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which flows through the lymphatic system to be returned to the blood.

LYMPH NODEone of many rounded structures, ranging from the size of a pinhead to a grape, that filter out bacteria and other toxic substances to stop them from entering the bloodstream and causing infection.Lyme nodes also produce lymphocytes, a type of blood cell.

M

MALABSORPTIONImpaired absorption of nutrients most often a result of diarrhea.

MENORRHAGIAexcessive loss of blood during menstrual periods.

METABOLISM the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body, including anabolism (building of complex chemicals from less complex ones) and catabolism ( breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones).

METRORRHAGIA Normal uterine bleeding at an abnormal time.

MICROGRAMA unit a weight in the metric system that's one-millionth of a gram or oneone-thousandth (0.001) of a milligram

MILILITERA unit of volumein the metric system that's oneone-thousandth (0.001) of a liter.

MINIMa unit of capacity in the British imperial system that's one six - hundredth (0.06) of a milliliter

MUCILAGINOUS Substance that is slimy, gooey, sticky.It has the property of moistening, soothing, and helping heal skin and mucous membranes.Soothing to all inflammation

MUSCLE RELAXANTa drug that reduces tension in the muscles, commonly used to treat muscle spasms resulting from muscle, bone, or joint injury

MUTATIONan alteration in a cell's DNA caused by a disruption in cell division or by exposure to a cancer-causing substance or certain other substances.

MYELIN SHEATHa white fatty substance that surrounds nerve cells to aid in nerve impulse transmission

N

NARCOTIC Substance that lessens pain by causing depression of the central nervous system.Causes stupor and numbness.

NATUROPATHYAn alternative system of medical practice that combines a mainstream understanding of human physiology and disease with alternative remedies, such as herbal and nutritional therapies, acupuncture, hydrotherapy and counseling. Naturopathic doctors favor natural treatments aimed at stimulating the body's own healing ability over drugs and surgery

NAUSEANTproduces vomiting

NEPHRITIS inflammation of the kidney; the glomeruli, tubules and interstitial tissue may be affected.

NERVINEstrengthens functional activity of nervous system; may be stimulants or sedative.

NEURALGIApain in and originating along nerve fibers.

NSAIDNon steroidalanti inflammatory drugThis is a drug that reduces inflammation n and controls pain without the use of steroids. Examples are Advil, Indocin, Orudis and Naprosyn

O

OPHTHALMICUM a remedy for eye diseases

OXYTOCICagent that stimulates contractions accelerating childbirth.

P

PARASITICIDEan agent that kills parasites and worms

PARTURIENTstimulates uterine contraction which induce and assist labor.

PECTORALa remedy for chest affections

PERISTALSISthe alternate contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular structure by means of which its contents are moved onward, characteristic of the intestinal tract, ureter, etc

PHENOTHIAZINEa drug used to control psychosis or ease vomiting

PHYTOMEDICINEherbal medicine

PHARMACOPOEIAa list of drugs and formulas

POULTICE A warm, damp pack of herbs applied to a wound or sprain to draw the blood and relieve pain.

PRECURSORstarts a chain reaction which accelerates growth.

PROPHYLACTICany agent or regimen that contributes to the prevention of infection and disease.

PROSTAGLANDIN hormone like substance that has a wide range of functions including acting as chemical messenger and causing uterine contractions.

PRURITUSitching; an inflammation of the skin that produces itching

PSYCHOACTIVEa consciousness-altering herb, often hallucinogenic or narcotic

PULMONARY EDEMAa condition in which fluid builds up in the spaces outside the lung's blood vessels.

PUNGENT penetrating or sharp to the taste

PURGATIVELaxativeCauses watery evacuation of intestinal contents

PUTREFACTION decomposition of organic matter, especially proteins, by the action of bacteria, resulting in the formation of foul smelling compounds.

PSATESTPROTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGENTESTa blood test that measures the level of protein produced by prostate gland cells.The PSAtest is used to help detect prostate diseases.

R

REFRIGERANTan herb that cools the blood and thus reduces fever

RELAXANTrelaxes nerves and muscles; relieves tension

RESOLVENTthat which reduces inflammation or swelling.

RESTORATIVE an agent that is effective in the regaining of health and strength; restores normal physiological activity

RHINITISinflammation of the sinus membranes beginning in the mucous membranes of the nose (rhino means“nose”)

RUBEFACIENT stimulates blood flow to the skin thusproducing redness of the skin

S

SEDATIVEan herb that calms or tranquilizesspecific organs or systems; cardiac, nervous, cerebral, spinal

SIALAGOGUE an agent that stimulates the secretion of saliva

SOPORIFIC inducing sleep

SIMPLEA single herb given as a remedy

SPASMOLYTICantispasmodic

STILL ROOMBOOKAn eighteenth century privately kept book f herbal recipes.

STIMULANT increases internal heat, dispels internal chill and strengthens metabolism and circulation( can produce a sense of well being)

STOMACHICan herb that aidsand strengthens the stomach function

STYPTIC a blood staunching herb( stops hemorrhage)

SUDORIFIC produces sweat

SUFFUMIGATION An application of smoke or fumes.Incense

SYSTEMIC relating to or affecting the entire body

T

TAENIFUGEagent that expels tapeworms

TANNINactive plant constituents that combined with proteins; stringent .Astringent compounds in plants that protect the plant from yeasts, being eaten, and bacterial decay.

TAPEWORM any of several ribbon like worms that infest the intestines

TINCTUREA mixture of herbal extract and alcohol.Usefulbecause of the preservative and extractive properties of alcohol on herbs.

TISANEa French word for an herb tea.

TONICrestoring, nourishing and supporting for the entire body; a substance that exerts a gentle strengthening effect on the body.

TOPICAL USEapplication of a drug or an herbal product to the skin and surface tissues of the body.(Ointments,solutions, dusting powders, nasal drops, rectal and vaginal suppositories, ear and eye drops )

TOXINa poisonous substance of animal or plant origin

TRITURATIONa process of rubbing herbs and spices down to a fine powder and blending them.

U

UNGUENT An archaic term for ointment or salves.

UREMIA toxic condition associatingthe renal insufficiency produced by the retention in the blood of nitrogenous substances normally excreted by the kidney.

URINARY ANTISEPTICsubstance that is antiseptic to the urinary tract.

UTERINE TONIFIER substance that has a strengthening activity on the tissues of the uterus.

V

VAGINITISinflammation of the vagina, from irritation or infection

VASOCONSTRICTORan agent that narrows blood vessel openings, restricting the flow of blood through them

VASODILATOR cases relaxation of blood vessels

VERMIFUGEworm expellant

VERTIGOthe sensation of spinning or dizziness

VOLATILEquickly evaporating

VULNERARYassists in healing f wounds by protecting against infection and stimulating cell growth

W

WORTfrom the Old English wyrt,meaning a root or plant. In herbalism, an herb, usually used as a combined term.e.gSt John's wort,liverwort.

Here is part three of my glossary that I would like to share with you:

ECZEMA             chronic skin inflammation

EDEMA                     accumulation of fluid in tissues (swelling)

EMETIC                  produces vomiting

EMMENAGOGUE                induces monthly

EMOLLIENT                  softens and soothes inflamed parts

(when used internally it is called a demulcent)

ENTERITIS                 inflammation of the small intestine

ENTERVATE                      to deprive of strength, vigor; to weaken physically and mentally

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS                  the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis and that is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer.

ESCULENT                     edible

ESTROGEN              hormone that exert female characteristics

EXANTHEMATOUS              remedy for skin eruptions and diseases

EXPECTORANT            substance that causes mucus in the lungs and bronchial passages to come out more easily, usually through coughing ( or encourages the loosening and removal of phlegm from the respiratory tract.)

                                                         F

FEBRIFUGE         reduces fevers

FISTULA                    an abnormal passage between two internal organs, or from an organ to the surface of the body

FLACCID                 not firm or stiff; limp; lacking in force or vigor

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION            The U.S federal agency that protects the public against health hazards from food and food additives and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drugs, medical devices, and dietary supplements.

FORMULATION                  a drug product prepared according to a specific composition

FREE RADICAL               A molecule containing an odd number of electrons. Some researchers believe free radicals may play a role in cancer development by interacting with DNA and impairing normal cell function

                                                       G

CALACTOGOGUE                  agent that promotes the flow of milk

GALLBLADDER                the pear-shaped organ located just under the liver that acts as a bile reservoir.

GASTRITIS inflammation of the stomach lining ( intestinal tract)

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE               Inflammation of the esophagus caused by back-flow of acid from the stomach. Its main symptom is chronic heartburn

GIARDIA                    a genus of flagellate protozoa some of which are parasitic in the intestinal tract of man and domestic animal; transmitted by ingestion of cysts in fecal contaminated water and food; interfere with the absorption of facts; boiling water inactivates them

GINGIVITIS                       inflammation of the gums

GLAUCOMA                a condition in which the pressure of the fluid in the eye is so high that it causes damage

GOITER                   an enlargement of the thyroid gland that causes swelling in the front of the neck

GOUT                   inflammation of joints caused by uric acid crystals lodging in them.

GRAIN                   the smallest unit of weight in the apothecary system, equivalent to 0.06 gram

GRAM                       the basic unit of weight in the metric system, equivalent to 1/1000 of a kilogram or three one hundredths (0.03) of an ounce

                                                       H

HEART ATTACK                sudden blockage of one or more of the arteries that supply blood to the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle

HEMATURIA                  blood in the urine

HEMOLYTIC                      a substance which destroys red blood cells

HEMORRHAGE                  bleeding, usually rapid and significant

HEMORRHOID                an abnormally swollen vein beneath the lining of the anal canal or near the anus that may cause itching, pain or bleeding

HEMOSTATIC                    stop bleeding

HEPATIC              herbs that support and stimulate the liver, gall bladder and spleen and increase the flow of bile.

HEPATITIS                         inflammation of the liver

HERPETIC                   a remedy for skin diseases of all types

HERNIA                the projection or out pouching of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall that normally contains it.

HISTAMINE              a chemical found in all tissues that causes tiny arteries called capillaries to widen, makes smooth muscles contract, increases the heart rate, causes blood pressure to drop, and promotes secretion of stomach acids. Histamine is formed and released during allergic reactions.

HIVES        Itchy, raised, red areas of inflamed skin caused by an allergic reaction

HOMEOSTASIS                      equilibrium of internal environment

HYDRAGOGUE                   promotes watery evacuation of the bowels

HYPERTENSIVE                    used to increase blood pressure

HYPNOTIC                   induces sleep

HYPOGLYCEMIA           abnormal concentration of sugar in the blood ( low blood sugar)

HYPOTENSIVE                     used to reduce blood pressure

                                                  I

IMMUNOSTIMULANT              a substance that stimulates the immune system's health and ability to respond to disease either gradually or quickly

INCONTINENCE                 the inability to control urination or defecation

INDOLENT                           sluggish; casing little or no pain

INFUSION               An extremely strong tea made with either hot or cold water and and herb

IRRITANT                  induces a local inflammation

INTERFERON                   a potent immune enhancing substance that is produced by the body's cells to fight off viral infection and cancer

 

GLOSSARY PART 2

Here is the second series of my glossary regarding the meanings of the words used.

Starting with THE LETTER B

BACTERICIDE destroys bacteria

BARBITURATE A drug that causes sedation, a hypnotic state, or both. Barbiturates can be addictive.

BENZODIAZEPINE A drug used to treat anxiety or sleeping disorders, to relax muscles, or to control seizures.

BETA BLOCKER A drug that decreases the rate and force of heart contractions and widens blood vessels, helping to reduce blood pressure. Beta blockers typically are prescribed for people with coronary artery disease, angina ( (chest pains caused by heart problems), irregular heartbeats, or a history of heart attacks.

BILIRUBIN the breakdown product of the hemoglobin molecule of red blood cells

BINDER A substance added to a drug or herbal product to hold together the product's ingredients.

BIOFLAVONOID One of a group of naturally occurring plant compounds needed to strengthen tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Some researches believe bioflavonoids may help protect against cancer and infection.

BIOMEDICINE A system of medicine based on the principles of natural sciences.

BITTER TONIC an herb or a group of herbs that stimulates the digestive processes.

BLOOD CLEANSER an agent that cleanses the blood

BLOOD PURIFIER an agent that cleanses the blood as well as enhancing the blood by increasing the nutrient value.

BLOOD PURIFIER An herb that stimulates the digestive and excretory processes of the body to aid in the elimination of waste products.

BLOOD THINNER A drug tat prevents blood clotting ( heparin, coumadin, warfarin)

BRONCHITIS Inflammation of bronchial mucous membranes.

THE LETTER C

CALMATIVE gently clams nerves

CANDIDA yeast-like fungi

CANDIDA ALBICANS the fungus responsible for monilial infections, such as thrush, vaginitis and sometimes systemic infections

CANDIDIASIS any disease condition caused by the yeast CANDIDA ALBICANS. It is commonly found on the skin and in the mouth, vagina, and rectum. Overuse of antibiotics and anti inflammatory drugs, which interfere with the normal metabolic checks and balances of the body, has caused many people to suffer from candidiasis and allowed the once rare disease to become something of a national celebrity.

CARDIAC heart tonic or restorative

CARDIOACTIVE a substance that acts directly on the muscles of the heart

CARDIOTONIC substance that regulates or strengthens heart action and metabolism; whatever the condition of the heart, a cardiotonic brings it back to a normal range of action.

CARMINATIVE relieves intestinal gas pain and distension; promotes peristalsis

CARBUNCLE painful infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with production and discharge of pus and dead tissue, similar to a boil (faruncle) but more severe and with multiple sinus formation; usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

CATAPLASM another name for poultice

CATARRH inflammation of a mucous membrane, especially of the nose and throat, with discharge

CATHARTIC a strong laxative which causes rapid evacuation

CELL PROLIFERATOR enhances the formation of new tissue to speed the healing process

CEPHALIC remedies used in diseases of the head

CHOLAGOGUE stimulates bile flow from the gall bladder and bile ducts into the duodenum

( induces gall bladder contraction)

CHOLERETIC substance that encourages the liver to produce bile

CHRONIC designating a disease showing little change or of slow progression; opposite of acute

CIMCIFUGA to drive away bugs, neutralizes rattlesnake bites, scorpion stings

COLIC spasmodic pain effecting smooth muscle, such a the intestines, gall bladder or urinary tract

COLITIS inflammation of the colon

COLON the main part of the large intestine, which connects the small intestine with the rectum. It converts what's left of consumed food into stool by removing water and salts.

COMPOUND a substance made up or two or more ingredients

COMPRESS a soft pad usually mad of cloth, that's used to apply heat, cold, or drugs or herbs to the surface of a body area.

COUNTERIRRITANT causing irritation in one part to relieve pain in another part

CYST an abnormal lump or swelling, filled with fluid or semi solid cheesy material in any body organ or tissue

CYSTITIS inflammation of the inner lining of the bladder. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection

THE LETTER D

DEBILITY weakness of tonicity in functions or organs of the body.

DECOCTION a substance prepared by boiling

DECONGESTANT a substance that acts to break up congestion

DEHYDRATION deficient in fluids

DEMENTIA an organic mental syndrome marked by general loss of intellectual abilities, with chronic personality disintegration confusion, disorientation and stupor.

DEMULCENT soothing to mucous membranes ( lubricates and coats the stomach and intestine linings.)

DEOBSTRUENT removes obstruction

DEPURANT stimulates excretions

DEPURATIVE purifies the blood

DETERGENT cleansing to boils, ulcers, and wounds

DISCUTIENT dissolves and heals tumors

DIAPHORETIC stimulates sweating

DISINFECTANT antiseptic

DIURETIC acts to increase the flow of urine.

DIVERTICULI pathological sac like out pouchings of the wall of the colon

DOCTRINE OF SIGNATURES in herbal medicine, the primitive method of determining which plants should be used for which aliments, based on the plant's resemblance to the ailment. For example, the heart shaped leaves for heart conditions and plants with red flowers for bleeding disorders.

DRAM a unit of weigh equivalent to 1/8 ounce or 60 grains

DRASTIC a very active cathartic which produces a violent peristalsis

DUODENUM the beginning of the small intestine; lies just below the stomach.

DYSMENORRHEA painful menstruation

DYSPEPSIA poor digestion, often with heart burn and stomach acid reflux

DYSPNEA sense of difficulty in breathing, often associated with lung or heart disease.

 

I thought I would share with you friends some of the meanings to words that we herbalists often throw around when describing some of our products . So, I've compiled a list of words in the “ A” section and their meanings. I'll continue to add more starting with “B' in the next couple of days. I hope that this list is helpful.

Glossary

ABORTIFACIENT: A substance that induces abortion, premature expulsion of the fetus

ACE INHIBITOR a drug that blocks the formation of natural body chemical, thus relaxing blood vessels and decreasing water and salt retention. It's used to lower blood pressure or manage heart failure.

ACUTE an illness that comes on quickly, has severe symptoms and a generally short duration. e.g., measles or colds. The opposite of chronic

ADAPTOGEN an agent that increases resistance to stress

ADRENALINE a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that produce the “fight or flight” response. A/k/a epinephrine.

ALTERATIVE: cleansing, stimulating, efficient removal of waste products

AMENORRHEA absence or suppression of menstruation

ANALGESIC: relieves pain

ANAPHRODISIAC subdues sexual desire

ANAPHYLAXIS a severe, life threatening allergic reaction marked by flushing, hives, itching, swelling of the lips and eyelids, throat tightening, sudden hoarseness, nausea and vomiting. It can start within seconds of exposure to an allergy causing substance and can cause death within minutes unless treated immediately.

ANDROGEN hormones that stimulate male characteristics

ANESTHETIC deadens sensation and reduces pain

ANODYNE reduces pain

ANTAGONIST opposes the action of other medicines

ANTHELMINTIC A substance that can help to destroy and expel intestinal parasites

ANTI BACTERIAL destroys or stops the growth of bacterial infections

ANTI BILIOUS reduces biliary or jaundice condition

ANTIBIOTIC kills disease causing bacteria or prevents bacteria from reproducing.

ANTI CATARRHAL eliminates mucus conditions

ANTICOAGULANT slowing or stopping the clotting of blood

ANTI DEPRESSANT prevents or relieves symptoms of mental depression

ANTIDOTE a substance used to counteract a poison

ANTI EMETIC lessons nausea and prevents or relieves vomiting.

ANTI FUNGAL destroying or preventing the growth of fungi

ANTI GALACTAGOGUE prevents or decreases secretion of milk

ANTI HEMORRHAGIC stops bleeding and hemorrhaging

ANTI HEPATOXIC prevents toxins from negatively affecting the liver

ANTI HISTAMINE a drug that blocks the action of histamine, a body chemical released by the immune system, by binding to histamine receptors in various body tissues. In the nose, it stops histamines from making the nasal blood vessels expand ( the cause of runny nose)

ANTI HYPERTENSIVE lowers the blood pressure

ANTI INFLAMMATORY reduces inflammation and associated symptoms such as pain and swelling.

ANTI LITHIC prevents or relieves stones in the urinary organs

ANTI MICROBIAL destroys or prevents the growth of micro organisms

ANTI MUTAGENIC reduces or interferes with mutagenic activity of other substances

ANTI NEOPLASTIC prevents the growth of abnormal or cancerous cells

ANTI OXIDANT a substance such as vitamin E, that works alone or in a group to destroy disease causing substances called free radicals.

ANTI PERIODIC preventing regular recurrences of a disease or symptoms.

ANTI PHLOGISTIC reduces inflammation

ANTI PYRETIC reduces fever

ANTI RHEUMATIC prevents or relieves rheumatism

ANTI SEPTIC a substance used to destroy harmful microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa) or to inhibit their growth.

ANTI SPASMODIC relieves or prevents spasms of muscles and associated tissues

ANTI SYPHILITIC cures or relieves syphilis or venereal diseases.

ANTI THROMBOTIC prevents blood clots

ANTI TOXIC neutralizes a poison form the system

ANTI TUSSIVE: reduces or relieves coughs

ANTI VIRAL opposes the action of a virus

APERIENT mild laxative without purging

APERITIVE herbs that stimulate the appetite

APHRODISIAC stimulates sexual arousal

AROMATIC A substance containing volatile oils that have a strong and stimulating scent

ASTRINGENT has constricting or binding effect ; checks hemorrhages

ATONIC without normal tension or tone

 

A lot of people like to make bath teas or bath herbs for themselves. Some of the recipes that I've seen however, are way too much for a single bath. It seems that people think the same way with herbs as they do with medicine. If a little works good, a lot should work even better! This is a dangerous attitude to have. Herbs are potent, just as medicine is potent. Whenever I make up a formula it is just the right amount for a certain amount of small bath teas. 

If a large (5 x 7) bath tea is just tossed into a tub full of water, the very first bath is dangerous for you to take! Look at the color of your bath water! Is it a rust, or bright green or can you see bright color at all? If you can, there are TOO MUCH herbs in your bath! And, you should not get in that tub!

A small tea bag or muslin bag (3 x 5) is all you need for one ½ to ¾ full bath tub. And that same tea bag can be used one more time! You will see a very light color in your bath water,such as; light green or light yellow, but, your bath water color shouldn't change dramatically. You also should not spend more than 20 minutes in your herbal bath. Nor, should you be using other soaps, bubble bath products or what have you. When you step out of the tub, take a rough towel and dry yourself. Do not use lotions, otherwise you have just destroyed the good of the herbs.

The only time a large tea bag can be used is if you make it in a concentrate form; using 2 gallons of water, heat the water til boiling; drop ONE large tea bag in and let it steep NO MORE THAN 5 MINUTES. Take the bag out of the water. Let the water cool and pour the water into 2 glass gallon containers. When you want to take a bath, use NOT MORE THAN 1 cup of the concentrate that you just made, in a tub full of water.

That is the correct way to use a large (5 x 7) bath tea.

 

Some years ago, I saw a picture of some huge ice lights adorning a walkway. It was just a picture and it was not the main object of the picture, but, it was pretty just the same. I showed it to my husband and he figured out how to make the “lights”. After that, we did this every winter when we lived in Maine. I thought, I would share it with you and maybe some of you would also like to do this.

I named them NORWEGIAN CANDLES, maybe that is their name anyway, I don't know.

The outcome that you want is:

all along a walkway or even drive way, big huge ice candles on either side.

This is how you do it. Get the kids, because this is fun!

WHAT YOU NEED:

1) A 5 gallon empty plastic bucket, no holes, and preferably with a handle on it.

2) water

3) candles that are either long or big round ones. You can find these in any store. Just buy a few for now, after you get the hang of this, you can figure out what size you want. The candles don't have to be scented. You only need ONE candle per ice light.

You need to mark where you want your NORWEGIAN CANDLES to be. I suggest spacing them at least 3 feet from each other.

INSTRUCTIONS:

1) take your bucket and fill it full of water.

2) Leave it out side, preferably near your site, until absolutely frozen around the edges and thick

3) when frozen put the bucket over your first marked site and slowly, turn it upside down.

Generally the middle part will be hollow. You may have to coax the ice out, don't be rough, you want the entire piece.

4) get your candle, situate it right in the middle in the hole of your ice and light it. ( your candle goes INSIDE and DOWN in your ice. The ice looks something like a coffee mug, with a bottom of ice and yet deep enough to put the candle, so that the wind does not blow it out. )

Continue with the rest of your marked places

Only light the  NORWEGIAN CANDLES  at night. It may take a few days, depending on how many buckets you have around, to get all the NORWEGIAN CANDLES   that you want.

As long as it stays cold out, you will have your NORWEGIAN CANDLES  all winter long. Obviously, you will have to replenish your candles as they burn completely down.

I hope you enjoy your NORWEGIAN CANDLES as much as I did!

 

A while back, I did a blog on spices and what they go well with. This time I will just use the herb and what foods it will enhance. Look through my blogs and you will also see how to make up your own spice blends, such as PUMPKIN PIE SPICE BLEND, SPICED NUTS, SPICY APPLE PIE BLEND, and more. You will find in another blog what spices will enhance what foods.

For those of you that are artistic, this would make a beautiful gift for someone who likes to cook and bake, or is new at cooking and baking. I had a friend who copied something like this by hand in calligraphy, on a long sheet of paper, dyed the paper some pretty color and made colored scroll work all around the edges, and made a small frame all around and made it so that it could be hung on the wall. She also said a few words of friendship and put her name on the bottom and DATED it. It was a very personalized gift. See what you can do!!     (email me for  PDF file and I will gladly send it to you!)

ANISE use in: sweet cream cheese appetizers, soups, fruit salads, applesauce, teas, fruit drinks, carrots, celery, coleslaw, sole, crab, spicy meat mixtures, cakes, cookies, sweet rolls, rye breads

BASIL use in: dips, canapes, all kinds of soups and stews, green salads, especially good on tomatoes, omelets, scrambled eggs, green beans, broccoli, cucumbers, egg plant, peas, spinach, zucchini, shrimp, fish, creole dishes, beef, pork, veal, lamb, all kinds of poultry and stuffing, wine vinegar

BAY use in: bouquet garni, fish chowders, tomato juice and stocks, with poached fish; in hearty fish dishes; and with roast chicken, beef roasts, and beef stew.

BORAGE use in; mild dips, all kinds of soups and stews, green salads, coleslaw, iced drinks, spinach, beets, shellfish, all kinds of meat and poultry and stuffing, cream sauces

BURNET use in: appetizer dips, canapes, cream soups, green salads, potato salad, iced drinks, asparagus, mushrooms, shellfish, tarter sauce, wine vinegar

CARAWAY use in: appetizer spreads and dips, canapes, potato soup, cabbage soups, goulash, coleslaw, potato salad, cream cheese, cottage cheese, cabbage, potatoes, green beans, carrots, red beets, cauliflower, casseroles, German dishes,meatballs, applesauce, cookies, breads,especially rye, apple pie, cakes

CELERY SEED use in: soups, stews, salads, curry dishes, poultry stuffing, fish and meat dishes, eggs, breads, vegetables

CHERVIL use in: potato, spinach and cream soups, in egg and chicken salads, salad dressings and mayonnaise, with fish, shellfish and chicken; in fish sauces and cheese spreads, with lettuce, potatoes, red beets and tomatoes and in a fines herbes combination

CHIVES use in: all kinds of appetizers, all kinds of soups, stews, all kinds of salads, omelets, cheese dishes, deviled eggs, potatoes,carrots, corn, green beans, mushrooms, peas, red beets, summer squash, tomatoes, all kinds of other vegetables, shellfish, broiled fish, all kinds of meat and poultry, tartar sauce, butter sauces,cheese sauces, wine vinegar

CORIANDER use the seeds in curries and pickling spice mixtures; with lentils, lima beans, peas, potato dumplings, in biscuits, breads, lamb dishes; carrot cake and pies.

Use the leaves in: Mexican, Chinese, Indian and Moroccan dishes, in meat, rice and lentil dishes; with corn, zucchini , chicken, and in salads.

CUMIN use in; Mexican, oriental, and Indian and middle eastern dishes, in curries, stews, chili, spicy meat and vegetable dishes; with green beans,cabbage, in deviled eggs; breads and with cheese

DILL use the leavesin:all kinds of appetizers, potato soups,salads and salmon; potato salad, rice dishes and borscht; green salads, coleslaw, cottage cheese, green beans, carrots, cucumbers and potatoes. omelets, cauliflower, tomatoes, halibut, salmon, lamb, ham, cream chicken, tartar sauce, butter sauces, wine vinegar, rye bread

use the seeds in: salad dressings, fish soups, meat dishes, lamb stew,, and egg and potato dishes, cabbage and in breads.

FENNEL use the seeds and leaves with fish; in spicy meat mixtures; with eggs, cabbage, red beets, squash and apples; in stuffings and breads

use Florence fennel as a vegetable; serve raw like celery, braise, bake au gratin or turn into a cream soup.

GARLIC Use with everything except sweets. Use for soups, salads, fish, poultry, meat and egg dishes; in stews, sauces an mayonnaise, in breads and with any vegetables; to make oil and vinegar dressings.

GINGER use fresh ginger in oriental and Indian dishes, with fish, chicken, meats and vegetables

use dried ginger with pot roasts, poultry, carrots, red beets, squash and sweet potatoes; in breads, cakes, cookies, puddings, fruit salads and stewed fruit mixtures.

HORSERADISH use in cocktail and mustard sauces; in sauces for fish, roast beef and in green vegetables; in salad dressings; with boiled meats; in sandwiches and with red beets

LOVAGE Use the leaves and stalks sparingly as a celery substitute in soups, salads, potato salad, stews and stuffings; braise the stalks as a vegetable.

use the seeds in chicken salad, meat loaf, breads and herb butters.

MARJORAM use in: cream cheese dips and appetizers, all kinds of soups and stews, green salads, chicken salad, vegetable cocktails, omelets, scrambled eggs, carrots, spinach, squash,eggplant, cabbage, lima beans, mushrooms, peas, and tomatoes; baked or broiled fish, fish recipes and fish chowders, all kinds of meat, chicken, duck goose, gravies, fish sauces, biscuits, muffins

MINTS use in: green pea soups, split pea soups, fruit salads, teas, iced drinks, , green beans, new peas, baked or broiled fish, lamb, veal, mint sauces, mint jellies, wine vinegar, mint syrups, sherbets

ONION use for all dishes except sweets. Use in soups, stews, salad, egg dishes, fish, poultry, meat and all vegetables, some breads.

OREGANO use in: appetizers spreads, canapes, onion soup, all stews, seafood salads, aspics, omelets, spicy cheese, onions, peas, baked beans, shellfish, all kinds of meats, game, hare, venison, cream sauces, tomato sauces, meat-pie crusts, breads

PARSLEY use in: all kinds of appetizers, all kinds of soups and stews, all kinds of salads, vegetable cocktails, omelets, cheeses, all kinds of vegetables, all kinds of fish and seafood, all kinds of meat, stuffing, tartar sauce, butter sauces, breads, rolls

ROSEMARY use in : cheese appetizers and dips, all kinds of soups ( chicken soup, pea soup) and stews, chicken salads, seafood salads, vegetable juices, omelets, sharp cheese, potatoes, mushrooms, salmon, haddock, cod, all kinds of meats and poultry, wild game, stuffing, gravies, breads, rolls, biscuits

SAGE use in : cheese dips appetizers, cream soups, chowders, sharp cheese, cottage cheese, eggplant, Lima beans, baked or broiled fish, meat loaf, roasts, chicken, turkey, game, stuffing, brown sauce, muffins, breads

SAVORY use in : cheese dips and appetizers, bean soups, chowders, aspics, green salads, vegetable cocktails, deviled eggs, omelets, green beans, sauerkraut, salt water fish, all kinds of meat, chicken, duck,, turkey, fish sauces, cream sauce, meat-pie crusts

TARRAGON use in: all kinds of appetizers, chicken soup, mushroom soup, all kinds of salads, vegetable cocktails, omelets, cream cheese, asparagus, all fish, steaks, chicken, duck turkey, cream sauce, Hollandaise

THYME use in : shrimp dips, vegetable soup and stews, all other types of stews, tomato aspic, lemon tea, cottage cheese, cream cheese, beans, onions, potatoes, all kinds of fish, roasts, meat loaf, ham, stuffing, turkey, all tomato sauces, breads, rolls.

TURMERIC use as a cheap saffron substitute for its bright yellow color. Good in curries, salads, dressings and mustard; with seafood, fish, poultry and meat; in rice dishes; and with eggs

WATERCRESS use liberally in salads, chicken salad, bean salad, potato salad, and coleslaw; in tomato juice, soups and egg dishes; with cottage cheese; and in herb butters.

 

Here are some more herbs AND spices that go good with certain foods.

ENJOY!

For those of you that are artistic, this would make a beautiful gift for someone who likes to cook and bake, or is new at cooking and baking. I had a friend who copied something like this by hand in calligraphy, on a long sheet of paper, dyed the paper some pretty color and made colored scroll work all around the edges, and made a small frame all around and made it so that it could be hung on the wall. She also said a few words of friendship and put her name on the bottom and DATED it. It was a very personalized gift. See what you can do!!

BEANS, DRIED

cumin, garlic, onions, parsley, sage, savory, thyme

BEANS, GREEN

basil, cloves, dill, marjoram, mints, savory, thyme

BEEF

basil, bay leaf, chili pepper, cumin, garlic, ginger, marjoram, onions, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, savory, tarragon, thyme

BREAD

anise, basil, caraway, cardamom, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, dill, garlic, onions, oregano, parsley, poppy seeds, rosemary, sage, sesame seeds, thyme

BROCCOLI

basil, dill, garlic, nutmeg, oregano

CABBAGE

basil, caraway, cayenne pepper, dill, marjoram, savory

CARROTS

basil, chervil, chives, cinnamon, cloves, cumin, dill, ginger, marjoram, mint, parsley, savory

CAULIFLOWER

basil, cumin, dill, garlic, marjoram, parsley, rosemary, savory, tarragon

CHEESE

basil, chervil, chives, coriander, curry powder, dill, garlic, marjoram, parsley, sage, tarragon, thyme

CHICKEN

allspice, basil, bay leaf, cinnamon, curry powder, dill, garlic, ginger, mace, marjoram, nutmeg, onions, paprika, parsley, rosemary,, saffron, sage, savory, thyme

COTTAGE CHEESE

basil, chives, cinnamon, curry powder, dill, paprika, thyme

EGGPLANT

basil, cinnamon, garlic, marjoram, onions, oregano, parsley, savory, thyme

EGGS

basil, chervil, chives, coriander, curry powder, dill, fennel, marjoram, oregano, paprika, parsley, rosemary, sage, savory, tarragon, thyme

FISH

basil, chives, curry powder, dill, garlic, ginger, marjoram, oregano, parley, sage, savory, tarragon, thyme

FRUIT

anise, cinnamon . Cloves, ginger, mace, mints, nutmeg, rosemary

LAMB

basil, bay leaf, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, curry powder, dill, garlic, ginger, mints, onions, parsley, rosemary, tarragon, thyme

MUSHROOMS

coriander, marjoram, oregano, tarragon, thyme

PARSNIPS

basil, curry powder, dill, marjoram, parsley, thyme

POTAOTES

caraway, chives, dill, marjoram, oregano, paprika, parsley, rosemary, tarragon, thyme

SALADS, GREEN

basil, chervil chives, coriander, dill, garlic, marjoram,, mints, oregano, parsley, rosemary, tarragon, thyme

SOUPS

basil, bay leaf, chives, dill, garlic, marjoram, onions, parsley, rosemary, sage, savory, thyme

SPINACH

allspice, basil,, chives, nutmeg, rosemary

SQUASH

allspice, basil, cinnamon, cloves, dill, marjoram, nutmeg, rosemary, savory

STUFFINGS

garlic, marjoram, parsley, onions, rosemary, sage, thyme

TOMATOES

basil, bay leaf, chives, garlic, oregano, parsley, rosemary, savory, tarragon, thyme

TURKEY

basil, garlic, marjoram, onions, rosemary, saffron , sage, savory, tarragon, thyme

VEAL

basil, bay leaf, chervil, marjoram, onions, parsley, rosemary, savory, thyme

I'll be doing another blog starting with the herb or spice and what goes good with it.